Taxes aren’t just for grown-ups. In fact, our new Urban/Brookings study estimates that 40 percent of all federal expenditures spent on infants and toddlers flows through the tax system. That’s more than $22.8 billion. The two main programs that drive this spending are the earned income tax credit (EITC) and the child tax credit (CTC). Although both allocate fairly large percentages (18%) of their total program expenditures to families with infants and toddlers, they differ dramatically in the benefits that are refundable and those that are not. The EITC is fully-refundable, so in 2007 (the most recent year of available data), almost 90 percent of benefits received by families with infants and toddlers ($7.1 billion) came as a tax refund. In contrast, only one third of the partially refundable CTC benefits ($2.8 billion) were refundable, so most of CTC’s benefits reduced tax liability but failed to put cash back into needy families’ hands.    more »

Medicare’s Part D drug benefit is going to cost taxpayers a lot of money. A really, really lot of money. You can find the story deep in the bowels of the Medicare Trustees report that was released earlier this week. It is a nice little case study of how a well-intentioned government program can add tens of billions of dollars annually to the federal deficit. And it is a cautionary tale of how hard it will be to bring medical costs under control, despite the promises of the Obama Administration and industry lobbyists.    more »

President Obama said last night he was going to request $1.5 billion to help address the swine flu outbreak. I wish he had also promised to find the dough to pay for this initiative. But, he didn’t. This follows a troubling, and ongoing, pattern. Obama and the congressional Democrats say they recognize the consequences of burgeoning deficits and promise to address the problem—next time.    more »

I was quoted in the New York Times yesterday, which is kind of fun. Many of my friends read the Times, and it’s a great way to make new friends, and enemies.    more »

Do not read the new CBO budget projections by the dark of night. Instead, pick a bright sunny day and keep a significant other or perhaps a pet by your side. A good stiff drink wouldn’t hurt. If Stephen King were a budget wonk, A Preliminary Analysis of the President’s Budget and an Update of CBO’s Budget and Economic Outlook would be his kind of book. The headline is CBO’s projection that the deficit will hit $1.8 trillion this year under President Obama’s policies. That’s a deficit of more than 13 percent of GDP—twice as large as any annual deficit since 1946. But that’s far from the scariest number in this report. Far more troubling to me is what will happen after the economy recovers and fiscal policy returns to what I suppose will be the New Normal.    more »

In the presidential campaign, Barack Obama promised he’d cut taxes for 95 percent of all Americans. And, so far at least, it looks like he’s coming close to meeting that goal. I think this sort of largess is a mistake given the nation’s long-run fiscal problems. But GOP claims that Obama is trying to raise taxes for many Americans are bogus. TPC has just completed a major analysis of the tax provisions of the President’s 2010 budget. We found that, compared to current law, 91 percent of taxpayers would get a tax cut under the Obama plan. That is, they’d pay less tax than they would if the Bush tax cuts expired as scheduled in 2010 and the Alternative Minimum Tax is allowed to bite millions more taxpayers.    more »

President Obama’s promise of transparency in government is a laudable goal after too many years of near-obsessive secrecy by the Executive Branch. Unfortunately, at least when it comes to his tax agenda, the president’s new budget falls far short of that vow. Too many tax proposals are written in Inside-the-Beltway code. For many provisions, there is no description at all in the 134-page budget. Most can be found only by deciphering the tables in the back. Some items worth hundreds of billions of dollars appear only as mere footnotes. Others are nothing more than numbers in revenue tables. There are no real proposals at all.    more »

There are already signs that a key tax element of President Obama’s budget--his proposal to limit to 28 percent the value of all tax deductions—may not survive on Capitol Hill. And if it is allowed to die, Congress may find itself staring squarely at another hard-to swallow tax hike—trimming the tax exclusion for employer-sponsored insurance. Key Republicans have strongly objected to the curb on deductions. Powerful Democrats, including Finance Committee chairman Max Baucus (D-Mt), are less than enthusiastic. Charities that fear they will lose contributions are gearing up for a big fight, even though TPC estimates that gifts would decline by only about 2 percent. And in the face of this criticism the Administration has signaled that it may not fight very hard to save the proposal. "We recognize there are other ways to do this," Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner told the Finance panel yesterday.    more »

President Obama’s budget would eliminate a small but meaningful program for low-income families – the Advanced Earned Income Tax Credit (AEITC). A far better idea would be to expand the program. This credit allows eligible families to receive a portion of their Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) throughout the year through a reduction in tax withholding, so they don’t have to wait until they file their tax returns to get the extra cash. In 2009, the program could boost a family’s take-home pay by up to $35 a week.    more »

This won’t take long. If you are blue-collar wage earner, a low-income family with children, or a college student, you should love President Obama’s tax plan. On the other hand, if you are making more than $250,000, you may not be so happy: By 2011, you'd be paying a lot more tax than you've gotten used to over the past few years. To the surprise of absolutely nobody, Obama’s budget includes many of the tax changes he promised during the campaign. He’d make permanent many of the “temporary” tax cuts in the just-passed stimulus. Working families would continue to get an $800-a-year tax cut long after the recession ends, and they’d continue to enjoy the benefits of a more generous Earned Income Credit and a more refundable child credit. Obama is proposing tax reductions for low- and moderate-income families of almost $800 billion over the next decade.    more »

To help pay for health reform, President Obama’s wants to limit deductions for high income taxpayers. He’s on to something, but I’ve got some questions about what he’s doing. This tax increase, sure to be politically contentious, would kick in starting in 2011 and raise about $318 billion over 10 years. That sounds like a lot, but in fact it would only fund about 20 percent of the total cost of the health plan Obama outlined in his presidential campaign. TPC estimated the price of that plan at $1.6 trillion over 10 years.    more »

Whatever his intentions, President Obama’s missed an opportunity at his fiscal summit yesterday. It is critically important for Washington to finally confront the long-term deficit. And Obama sent an important symbolic message by throwing this shindig. But the timing was all wrong. Right now the public and financial markets are obsessed with only one economic issue: the recession. With those fears so dominant, whatever was said at the White House yesterday will be quickly forgotten.    more »

Budget watchers Alan Auerbach and Bill Gale have just finished a new paper on the nation’s long-term fiscal future. I’ll get to the numbers in a second, but their conclusion could hardly be more grim: “The federal fiscal outlook is both bleak and uncertain.” And if that doesn’t get your attention, try this: Auerbach and Gale note a “discernable uptick” late last year in market fears of default in 5-Year Treasury notes. Have a nice day.    more »

I am sure Barack Obama will deliver a stirring Inaugural address tomorrow. However, Obama’s most important remarks since his election came in an interview the other day with The Washington Post. There, he promised to convene a bipartisan fiscal summit in February. This has the potential to be the most important step of his Presidency. Yes, at least as important as fixing the immediate economic mess.    more »

CBO says the deficit will reach $1.2 trillion this year. President-elect Obama says the red ink will continue to flow at this rate or faster “for years to come” unless policymakers “make a change in the way Washington does business.” Obama is right, of course. And his words echo the message he used so successfully throughout the campaign. Change, he promised, that you can believe in. The problem is that the stimulus bill Obama is preparing mimics exactly the sort of cynical business Washington has been doing for decades.    more »